Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
In this work, we investigate the implementation of a neuromorphic digit classifier based on NOR Flash memory arrays as artificial synaptic arrays and exploiting a pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme. Its performance is compared in presence of various noise sources against what achieved when a classical pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme is employed. First, by modeling the cell threshold voltage (VT) placement affected by program noise during a program-and-verify scheme based on incremental step pulse programming (ISPP), we show that the classifier truthfulness degradation due to the limited program accuracy achieved in the PWM case is considerably lower than that obtained with the PAM approach. Then, a similar analysis is carried out to investigate the classifier behavior after program in presence of cell VT instabilities due to random telegraph noise (RTN) and to temperature variations, leading again to results in favor of the PWM approach. In light of these results, the present work suggests a viable solution to overcome some of the more serious reliability issues of NOR Flash-based artificial neural networks, paving the way to the implementation of highly-reliable, noise-resilient neuromorphic systems....
A referenceless digital clock and data recovery (D-CDR) circuit using a half-rate jittertolerant frequency detector (FD) and a multi-bit decimator is presented. For a referenceless configuration, we introduced a half-rate jitter-tolerant digital quadricorrelator frequency detector (JT-DQFD). Additionally, we proposed a multi-bit decimator circuit that losslessly down-samples up/down data from a phase detector to reduce the recovered clock jitter. The down-sampled multi-bit phase information is processed by a digital loop filter to adjust the phase of the recovered clock. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology, the test chip achieves a power efficiency of 1.3 pJ/bit at 10 Gb/s....
In recent works, a construction was proposed resulting in emergent universes inside black holes. This result can be obtained from a 4D black hole embedded in a 5D spacetime with the fifth dimension compactified on a circle [0, 2] (0 and 2 are identified) such that the two branes are at 0 and 1. In the present work, we study this setup by deriving particles’ equations of motion in the new universes, based on redefining energy and angular momentum. This leads to disappearance of the singularity in centers of black holes in classical General Relativity....
This research aims to optimize the tensile mechanical properties in the terminal crimping process in the terminal 064 series using central composite designs (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) on pull force using the Minitab 18 Program. Pull force testing is the mechanical property of the indicator in the crimping process. Three independent variables of the crimp dimensions were studied, including crimp height, crimp depth, and crimp width. The optimum crimp dimensions to sustain a maximum impact pull force of 13.60 Kgf were a crimp height of 1.25 mm, crimp depth of 2.36 mm, and crimp width of 1.48mm for a compaction ratio of 18.63%. The tolerance on the crimp height of 0.05mm maintained the compaction ratio within the SAE/ USCAR-21 Revision 4 standard compaction range of 15 to 20%. This specification requires three consecutive crimp heights to pass electrical and mechanical tests. Using samples built to this compaction range provides the best opportunity to pass such tests whilst also addressing the problem of loose wire strands for a pull force of more than 8 Kgf. Finally, an optimization analysis is carried out to select the finest conditions for the process....
This research aimed at fabricating solar array concentrator. It is one of the best options for solar energy concentration. Compared with other systems, because of the higher concentration ratios and high control focal length, good accept angles, higher efficiency, rigid with high wind, and low cost, the system has been locally designed and fabricated to produce steam. The dimensions of the active aperture area of 3.25m2 were studied. The absorber receiver, which conveyed water as heat in a closed cycle with an appropriate pump, produced steam at a higher temperature and with more efficiency. The best characterizations of the system are the focal length 1.25 m, concentration ratio 103, optical power 1.2 kW, losses 0.2 kW, and efficiency 60–70%....
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